false breakage

 

False breakage, also called false fracture, is a surface cracking that occurs as a result of internal tensile stresses in a material. Most metals have a large amount of internal residual stress, which may cause the material to crack if the stress is released. For example, if a metal casting cools too quickly, the internal stresses may cause microscopic cracks to appear on the surface. The resulting surface features are sometimes called "cold shuts." Surface cracks typically show up on uncoated steel after forming, rolling, or forging. In addition, they can also form in castings of high-strength alloys, titanium alloys, or aluminum alloys after hot working.

The appearance of false breakage is highly characteristic; it shows up as small cracks near boundaries between two materials that differ in composition. These boundaries are often interfaces between ferrous and nonferrous materials or between different alloys that have different thermal expansion coefficients.

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